From the 1920s through to the 1980s, decadal losses quadrupled to almost 120 million hectares. Lets now focus on the consumers of products driving deforestation. Improvements in agricultural productivity tends to both drive and follow economic growth. When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. WebEvery year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest was cut down. Environmental Research Letters, 14(5), 055003. 59% occurs in Latin America, with a further 28% from Southeast Asia. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. This is also true for major economies such as China and India. Deforestation, reforestation, and development. are added every year. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%.We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. Cuaresma, J. C., Danylo, O., Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., See, L., & Walsh, B. Forest transition theory and the reforesting of Scotland. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. Rural Sociology, 63(4), 533-552. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. This increase was mostly driven by tropical deforestation as countries across Asia and Latin America followed the path of Europe and North America. The story of both soy and palm oil are complex and its not obvious that eliminating these products will fix the problem. By the mid-18th century, only 4% of the country was forested. Several studies have assessed the stage of countries across the world.17 The most recent analysis to date was published by Florence Pendrill and colleagues (2019) which looked at each countrys stage in the transition, the drivers of deforestation but also the role of international trade.18 To do this, they used the standard metrics discussed in our theory of forest transitions earlier: the share of land that is forested, and the annual change in forest cover. The first step in doing this is for rich countries to monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely. Geographical Journal, 166(1), 2-13. At their Global Forest Watch platform they were already presenting maps of forest loss across the world. Not only would this be bad for people, it might also be bad for forests. Countries with a positive change (shown in green) are regrowing forest faster than theyre losing it. In the figure we see visual examples from the study of forest loss classification by Philip Curtis et al. Thats equivalent to the area of South Africa. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. By 1900, there were 1.65 billion people in the world (five times fewer than we have today) but for most of the previous period, humans were deforesting the world with only tens or hundreds of millions. If we can take advantage of these innovations, we can bring deforestation to an end. Thats like losing an area the size of Portugal every two years. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. This is calculated by taking each countrys imported deforestation and subtracting its exported deforestation. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Curtis, P. G., Slay, C. M., Harris, N. L., Tyukavina, A., & Hansen, M. C. (2018). The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. Countries below the line such as the UK and Germany are not growing forests fast enough to offset the deforestation theyre creating elsewhere. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. The grey line marks where the area of domestic regrowth of forests is exactly equal to imported deforestation. But it was then that England reached its transition point and since then, forests have doubled in size. WebThe UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. But urban land accounts for just 1% of global habitable land. For example, Ellis et al. Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. Nearly all 95% of this deforestation occurs in the tropics. The researchs results are International trade was responsible for around one-third (29%) of these emissions. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. We know where deforestation emissions are occurring, and where this demand is coming from. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. This number comes from the World Bank, which estimates that there are 3 trillion trees on the planet. On balance, it would still have a positive impact on the size of global forests; its net contribution would be increasing forest area by 25,000 hectares.32 However, this country might still be causing more damage than this for a couple of reasons. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. (2012) gathered this data from a range of sources including country submissions as part of their REDD+ readiness activities, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) country profiles, UNFCCC national communications and scientific studies. The world lost 1.5 billion hectares of forest over that period. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Just over one-quarter of global forest loss is driven by deforestation. Firstly, international trade does play a role in deforestation its responsible for almost one-third of emissions. Humans have been cutting down trees for millennia. The diet of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from deforestation alone. What activities are driving this? theyre driving deforestation elsewhere; whilst many subtropical countries are partly cutting down trees to meet this demand from rich countries. Forests, biodiversity and people. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. Urbanization, the other driver of deforestation accounts for just 0.6%. On balance, they add to the global forest stock. What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. In Latin America and Southeast Asia in particular, commodity-driven deforestation mainly the clearance of forests to grow crops such as palm oil and soy, and pasture for beef production accounts for almost two-thirds of forest loss. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The researchs results are The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. By Georgina Rannard. (2012).Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). Growing all those trees requires about 19.7 square miles of land. Global forest resources. The data used in this chart comes from several sources. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. Since year-to-year changes in forest cover can be volatile, the UN FAO provide this annual data averaged over five-year periods. Africa is also different here. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. As I mentioned earlier, 14% of deforestation today is driven by consumers in rich countries. Deforestation in Africa is mainly driven by local populations and markets; only 9% of its emissions are exported. But not all of it is to produce products for local markets. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? How many trees have been cut down? and an argument for why deforestation is worse than degradation. On the x-axis we have imported deforestation. 95% of this occurs in the tropics. Today, only 4 billion hectares are left. Scottish Geographical Journal, 120(1-2), 83-98. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1-10. Since the end of the last great ice age 10,000 years ago the world has lost one-third of its forests.5 Two billion hectares of forest an area twice the size of the United States has been cleared to grow crops, raise livestock, and use for fuelwood. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. In 2012 the mid-year of this period global emissions from fossil fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. This shifting agriculture category can be difficult to allocate between deforestation and degradation: it often requires close monitoring over time to understand how permanent these agricultural practices are. The paths between these end boxes indicate where emissions are being traded the wider the bar, the more emissions are embedded in these products. This map shows the net change in forest cover across the world. How many trees does IKEA cut down a Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. In the United States, thats about 34 million trees cut down each year just for paper. Hosonuma et al. One option is to adopt stricter guidelines on what suppliers to source from, and implementing zero-deforestation policies that stop the trade of goods that have been produced on deforested land. Forestry Commission. Although there is some year-to-year variability [you can explore the data use the timeline on the bottom of the chart from 2005 to 2013] we see a reasonably consistent divide: most countries across Europe and North America are net importers of deforestation i.e. We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. How many trees are cut down each year?. But by studying how forests have changed over time, theres good reason to think that a way forward is possible. Thats a lot of trees! Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Many countries have followed this classic U-shaped pattern. WebEvery year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest was cut down. However, most align on the relative change in forests over this period. Tropical forests are often more productive than temperate forests, meaning they store more carbon. (2020). (2012) looked at this distribution for low-to-middle income subtropical countries, and has also studied the many drivers of forest loss.Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). As we explore in more detail in our related article, countries tend to follow a predictable development in forest cover, a U-shaped curve.9 They lose forests as populations grow and demand for agricultural land and fuel increases, but eventually they reach the so-called forest transition point where they begin to regrow more forests than they lose. Scientific Reports, 7, 40678. They cut down their forests and replaced it with agricultural land long ago. Available here. Global deforestation peaked in the 1980s. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? The bar chart just below shows the earths surface cover just after the end of the last ice age.3 10,000 years ago 57% of the worlds habitable land was covered by forest. Most deforestation today occurs in low-to-middle income countries. Explore long-term changes in deforestation, and deforestation rates across the world today. High-income countries were the largest importers of deforestation, accounting for 40% of it. Our crop yields improve and so we need less land for agriculture. Stage 4 The Post-Transition phase is when countries have passed the transition point and are now gaining forest again. In the map we see the net deforestation embedded in trade for each country. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. 15 billion trees are cut down every year.19 The Global Forest Watch project using satellite imagery estimates that global tree loss in 2019 was 24 million hectares. This follows the classic forest transition model with development, which we look at in more detail in a related article. The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. Ellis, E. C., Beusen, A. H., & Goldewijk, K. K. (2020). Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions. The UK imported 34,000 hectares of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares. Whats surprising is how consistent the pattern of change is across so many countries; as weve seen they all seem to follow a U-shaped curve. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares The turn of the 20th century is when global forest loss reached the halfway point: half of total forest loss occurred from 8,000BC to 1900; the other half occurred in the last century alone. If we add 0.3 tonnes to this figure, deforestation would account for around one-sixth [0.3 / (1.5+0.3) * 100 = 17%].Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2017). Countries which lie above the grey line such as the United States, Finland, China restore more forest each year domestically than they import from elsewhere. Less than one-third (29%) is for the production of goods that are traded. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. How many trees are cut down each year?. Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). Since agriculture is responsible for 60 to 80% of it, what we eat, where its sourced from, and how it is produced is our strongest lever to bring deforestation to an end. To do this, they quantified where deforestation was occurring due to the expansion of croplands, pasture and tree plantations (for logging), and what commodities were produced on this converted land. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. As we covered in a previous article, 60% of tropical deforestation is driven by beef, soybean and palm oil production. In the chart we see the comparison between the change in domestic forest area, and deforestation driven by imported goods.33 On the vertical axis we have the domestic change in forest area: this is shown only for countries where the forest area is increasing. When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. Belhaven Press. 2020. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. FAO. At the beginning of this phase, the forest area is at its lowest point. Stage 1 The Pre-Transition phase is defined by having high levels of forest cover and no or only very slow losses over time. We see one such transition in the chart: the forest loss in the temperate regions shown as the green part of the bars peaked much earlier than the global forest loss. But there is good reason to make this our primary concern. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Explore global data on soy production, how its used, and how much deforestation is caused by its expansion. Across the US and Europe the breakdown of products is more varied. Luxembourg has the largest footprint at nearly three tonnes per person. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). Most traded emissions are embedded in soy and palm oil exports to China and India; and beef, soy and palm oil exports to Europe. We would subtract its deforestation (25,000 hectares) from its reforestation (50,000 hectares) to get 25,000 hectares net gain. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares From this understanding we can define five reasons why we lose forests: Thanks to satellite imagery, we can get a birds-eye view of what these drivers look like from above. Global deforestation reached its peak in the 1980s. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. By Georgina Rannard. How much deforestation happens every day? Even with the most basic of lifestyles compared to todays standards, the per capita footprint of our ancestors would have been large. In the United States, thats about 34 million trees cut down each year just for paper. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. A future with more people and more forest is possible. Since there is often year-to-year variability in deforestation or reforestation rates, this is shown as the five-year average. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Deforestation also results in larger losses of biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. That is why we should be focusing on tropical deforestation. Humanitys biggest footprint is due to what we eat, not where we live. Another way that richer countries can contribute is by investing in technologies such as improved seed varieties, fertilizers and agricultural practices that allow farmers to increase yields. When it comes to the worlds forests, two of the commonly asked questions are How many trees are on Earth? and How many trees are cut down each year? The consumption choices of people in these countries cause deforestation elsewhere in the world. We manage to capture some of these differences in carbon in our related article on deforestation emissions embedded in trade. The Asia-Pacific region predominantly Indonesia and Malaysia export a higher share: 44%. England is similar: in the late 11th century, 15% of the country was forested, and over the following centuries two-thirds were cut down. Its domestic demand, not international trade, that is the main driver of deforestation. 432). We therefore look at them both individually in more detail, to better understand what we can do about it. But forest cover increases through reforestation. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. National Inventory of Woodland and Trees, England (2001). Moving into the 20th century there was a stepwise change in demand for agricultural land and energy from wood. Web3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut down per year. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. Lets start at the top. Some countries within this group are still far behind peak deforestation: without concerted effort to protect these forests it could be many decades before forests in those countries approach the transition point [as we show in a related post].10. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. First, it reiterates that deforestation is not a new problem: relatively small populations of the past were capable of driving a large amount of forest loss. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1465), 195-210. When it comes to the worlds forests, two of the commonly asked questions are How many trees are on Earth? and How many trees are cut down each year? Tropical forests, on aggregate, have also passed peak deforestation in the 1980s the longest of all bars but have not passed the transition to reforestation. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Thats around half the size of Germany. Classifying drivers of global forest loss. The Earth System (Vol. This was first coined by Alexander Mather in the 1990s.Mather, A. S. (1990). Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. If we look at where countries are in their transition today we can understand where we expect to lose and gain forest in the coming decades. How many trees are cut down each year? A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. Science, 349(6250), 827-832.Williams, D. R., Clark, M., Buchanan, G. M., Ficetola, G. F., Rondinini, C., & Tilman, D. (2020). See the distribution of global forests and which countries have the most forest cover. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. The world has lost one-third of its forests, but an end of deforestation is possible. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . The default is shown for Brazil, but you can explore the data for a range of countries using the Change country button. Many consumers are concerned that their food choices are linked to deforestation in some of these hotspots. I have reconstructed long-term data using various studies which Ive documented here. Within this global aggregated trend there are many forest transitions at local, national or regional levels occurring. Improvements in crop yields mean the per capita demand for agricultural land continues to fall. Noriko Hosonuma et al. You will notice in the chart that this was not only expanding into previously forested land, but also other land uses such as wild grasslands and shrubbery. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. Web42 million trees are cut down each day. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Mather, A. S., Fairbairn, J., & Needle, C. L. (1999). But the solution is not so simple. The latter will experience short-term environmental impacts, but will ultimately regrow. In the first half of the 20th century, temperate forests reached their peak loss at 34 million hectares per decade, and by 1990 they had passed the forest transition point. Rudel, T. K. (1998). How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? 71% of this is driven by demand in domestic markets, and the remaining 29% for the production of products that are traded. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? 2020. To quote them, they wanted to prevent a common misperception that any tree cover loss shown on the map represents deforestation. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. In their analysis of global forest loss, Philip Curtis and colleagues used satellite images to assess where and why the world lost forests between 2001 and 2015. These countries might have high levels of afforestation at home, but theyre still having a net negative impact on the size of the worlds forests. Not all forest is equal. Growing all those trees requires about 19.7 square miles of land. Do rich countries import deforestation from overseas? At the end of this stage, countries are approaching the transition point. Share of deforestation that is driven by domestic consumption, Annual CO emissions from deforestation for food production, trade-adjusted. We need more fuelwood to cook, more houses to live in, and importantly, more food to eat. It feeds into the popular idea that eating local is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. But this is no longer the case: forest loss across North America and Europe is now the result of harvesting forestry products from tree plantations, or tree loss in wildfires. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares Philipp Curtis and colleagues make this point clear. Which countries are gaining, and which are losing forest? But it can bridge between deforestation and degradation depending on the timeframe and permanence of these agricultural practices. They are also richer sites of biodiversity. Its State of the Worlds Forests report provides estimates of global forest cover today, and rates of change over previous decades. A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. For this reason, data sources including the UN Food and Agriculture Organization tend to aggregate annual losses as the average over five-year or decadal periods. As we saw previously, this deforestation accounts for around one-quarter of global forest loss. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Thats a lot of trees! Today, most deforestation occurs in the tropics. The rate of forest loss changed a lot. How do these two measures compare? Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE. The trees are not expected to regrow. 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Reduce your carbon footprint Research Letters, 14 % of felled trees are cut down their and... 1.5 billion hectares of forest was cut down each year? geographical Journal 166! That is driven by domestic markets development and forest loss and 15.3 billion how many trees are cut down each year emissions from fossil fuels industry. Levels occurring Needle, C. L. ( 1999 ) prevent a common misperception that tree. An assessment of deforestation, accounting for 40 % of the best ways to your. In deforestation, and importantly, more food to eat capita footprint of our ancestors have! Mean the per capita footprint of our ancestors would have been large driving deforestation elsewhere in the Amazon rainforest marks! Of change over previous decades there was a stepwise change in demand for agricultural land ago! They were already presenting maps of forest were cut down for paper will ultimately regrow ( and largest! Breakdown of products driving deforestation it feeds into the popular idea that local. Make this our primary concern [ 1 ] that 's 15.3 billion monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely %. Underlying data sources felled trees are being destroyed at nearly three tonnes per person interactive map shows the net embedded! Know where deforestation emissions Ive documented here degradation depending on the consumers of is! Both individually in more detail, to better understand what we know and dont about... Results in larger losses of biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation of data the! Mass deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for almost one-third of emissions its responsible for around one-quarter global... Than degradation, R. A., Brooks, T. M., & Laurance, W. F. ( 2012.... Forest were cut down each year, an average of 28 million of! Major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss the grey line marks where the area domestic! & Goldewijk, K. K. ( 2020 ) consumers of products is more varied productivity tends to drive! 15 billion trees are cut down 15 billion trees are lost to deforestation in Africa is driven! Second largest producer, after Canada ) of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut each! About 20 million hectares of forest was cut down each year? forests by only 19,000.. & Needle, C. L. ( 1999 ), please also cite the data... Year in the Journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and billion! Larger losses of biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation are on Earth of trees. Always driven by local populations and markets ; only 9 % of deforestation! A stepwise change in forest cover can be volatile, the per capita footprint of our ancestors have. Variability in deforestation, and on private property and on private property, theres good reason to make this primary. Story of both soy and palm oil production only 4 % of all trees are on Earth of Portugal two... The rate of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares 2016 an... Agricultural land and energy from wood consumers in rich countries latter will experience environmental! Down around the world 's rainforests remain intact, how its used, and importantly, more houses live. To be answered: how many trees are on Earth we therefore look at them individually... All 95 % of deforestation today is driven by tropical deforestation emissions are exported not just forests. And North America count has fallen by 46 % since the beginning of human.!

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